When
measuring the vibration of an object (test object, mechanical structure,
building, etc.) and trying to quantify and evaluate its size, we are asked that
it is difficult because the evaluation unit required by
the vibration standard and the output unit output from the vibration sensor are
not the same. . For example, according to the management
manual provided by the machine manufacturer and construction company for
evaluation, it is said to evaluate in terms of displacement. However, if the
measurement sensor currently being measured is an acceleration sensor, is it
possible to obtain it by converting to displacement (simply integrating twice)?
This is about ? What should I do right?
진동을 발생시키려면 어떻게 할까요? 충격을 주거나 또는 반복적으로 흔들어 주면 될 겁니다. 이 진동을 재현할 수 있으면 시험할 수도 있고 교육할 수 도 있고 느낄 수도 있습니다. 이렇게 진동을 마음대로 재현할 수 있는 장비를 가진기(Shaker)라고 합니다. 이 가진기는 센서의 정상여부도 판단하여 일부 교정할 수도 있습니다. 진동계측기와 센서를 보유하고 있다면 탐나는 시험기입니다. 이제는 얼마나 정확한 진동을 발생시키는가를 확인하면 됩니다.
진동가진기 교정기-visope
Shaking and Testing!
표준진동가진, 교육용, 시험용 진동발생
여러분이 구성하고 있는 시험시스템에서 원하는 진동주파수와 진폭을 발생시키고 측정하고 싶은 경우 예를들어,”15Hz ,1G를 발생시키고 싶은데 좋은 방법이 없을까??”
또 실험실, 교육장, 공진시험 등에서 “다음처럼 센서를 설치하고 진동을 이렇게 발생시키면 스펙트럼으로는 어떻게 나타나는지 시험해 볼까요?”를 위해서 반드시 갖추어야 하는 중요한 구성요소로 Shaker가 있겠다. 이러한 표준진동발생기가 있다면 아주 편하고 정확하게 교육과 시험을 할 수 있다. 복잡한 신호발생기(signal generater), 엠프나 케이블이 필요없다. 그냥 버튼을 돌려 설정하고 진동을 발생시면 된다..
다음의 용도로 사용
표준 진동발생장치(Vibration shaker)가 필요한 곳(검사용, 교육용, 센서교정용, 계측기 시험용)
장점 -주파수 및 진폭 설정 및 확인장치, 충전식, 이동식
More information?vs72@naver.com, 070-4388-0415, 한국CBM, www.kcbm.kr
The person in charge of vibration
technology is bound to hear the question, “What is
the current vibration state of the object in question (equipment, structure,
building, etc.)?” from the manager or the person in charge of
other technologies. You can even ask about the results when you have only
measured and delivered the data. So always have an answer ready for your
question.
Basically, evaluating the state of an
object requires comprehensive judgment based on absolute, relative, and mutual
standards, so it is not easy to answer at the time. . The
evaluation of the state of this absolute standard is mainly
divided into good / bad / unacceptable, and the various expressions and
standards have been summarized.
Level display of vibration evaluation
First of all, the method expressed in overseas standards
and reference standards using graphs is that the British type is mainly marked
with ABCDE 5 grades, and ......
In selecting a transducer, the most important priority
would be sensitivity and 'Frequency range'.
To
explain the vertical axis in the graph of amplitude and frequency, it would be
nice if one sensor could measure all amplitudes, but it can never be done
because it depends on the sensitivity. To explain the horizontal axis in this
way, if all sensors can measure all frequencies, there is no reason to select a
sensor. This is because each type of vibration sensor, further subdivided, each type of vibration sensor
(including an acceleration sensor) has its own frequency range of an area where
measurement is accurate. This is called the frequency range.
Frequency range
The sensor indicates the range of measurable frequencies
(e.g., acceleration sensor: 0.5 to 10 kHz), and the definition of this range is
slightly different depending on the user, so that the maximum and minimum frequency
ranges corresponding to the 'accurate zone' of the measurement can be selected.
This
frequency range is 'a reliable area where the sensor can output a properly
matched signal; It means 'the range of frequency response accuracy according to
the frequency sensitivity deviation', and although the meaning is slightly different from the
non-linearity of the sensor, this reliable area can be expressed as a linear
area.
Looking at the criterion of error amplitude related to
the frequency domain, select the rate of change of the amplitude limit that can
be judged by the presence or absence of an error, eg) ±3dB, ±5%, ±10%, etc.,
and the applicable frequency at this time is ..........
If
the desired 'unit' of vibration is selected as a result for the evaluation, the
next step is to select an appropriate 'sensor'. First of all, it is necessary
to check whether contact attachment is possible at the location to be
measured... or whether the attachment method is appropriate. For example, in
the case of high frequency (more than 5000Hz), the magnetic attachment method
is not appropriate, and if you want to measure the behavior of an axis, it is
difficult to use a contact sensor. Also, if you try to measure the speed and
measure 5 Hz using a coin type speed sensor, you will get an amplified error
signal. This is because the characteristics of each sensor are different depending
on the amplitude band, frequency band, resonance band, etc.
Selection of displacement, velocity, and acceleration sensors
such as amplitude units
Since the output voltage or current is proportional to
each unit, the selection of the unit is not very different from the selection
of the sensor. Sensors mainly used for diagnosing and monitoring equipment
1. Eddy current type displacement sensor (Proximity) that
directly measures the behavior of a shaft supported by a sleeve bearing in a
non-contact manner.
2. Accelerometer, which propagates shaft vibration to
rolling bearing and measures it indirectly by contact method outside the
bearing housing (indirectly transmitted to the housing by impact of the bearing
connected to the shaft)
3. There is a velocity transducer that works without power.
However, among these, the speed sensor is very precise,
but has a weakness limited to the range of 10 to 1000 Hz because it has a
natural frequency in the upper and lower frequencies, which is why displacement
sensors and acceleration sensors are widely used. (If it is out of this frequency
range, an erroneous or amplified value is output.)
A sensor (transducer) is one of the components
of a system that is mainly used by companies that use sensors to research,
diagnose or manufacture monitoring equipment. Since the manufacturer has
selected a sensor that fits a specific principle, the manufacturer has
accumulated a lot of engineering grounds for this. In many cases, the level of
engineering is considerably deeper than that of academia because it must be
required and the reliability of the measurement needs to be verified.
Above all, this principle can be considered as the most
basic sensor selection method. The reason why a displacement sensor is
called a displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor is called an
acceleration sensor is that each sensor generates an electrical output
'proportional to the amplitude unit'. It's because you do it. For example, since the value
converted to displacement by outputting acceleration vibration with an
acceleration sensor and integrating twice is not very accurate (especially when
it is not a sine wave), it is better to measure acceleration vibration with an
acceleration sensor, and displacement vibration It is basic to measure with a
displacement sensor. However, there are cases where it is absolutely necessary to
evaluate the health of a machine or the vibration of a building with the
'velocity' value, which is used as the most evaluation unit in academia and
industry, so this only allows integration from the acceleration sensor once.
Because the speed sensor isn't cool...
Whatever
it is, power (#Power, output) itself is constant, but energy (#Energy,
work) gets smaller as the distance increases; As you move, the energy gets
smaller and smaller.
Noise and vibration are lost as kinetic energy and
potential energy are transformed into thermal energy or other energy. That is,
the wave energy must go through a process of attenuating and disappearing. If
you apply this, ............................
'dB (dB, decibel)', which is used as the most common way
to determine the level of amplitude, is often used when trying to explain 'to
what extent to be compared', especially for the evaluation of linearity, which
is the usable frequency range of vibration and noise, measuring instruments or
sensors. there is. Explain again how this differs from '%'.
The
reason why the linear section of the graph is selected as dB or % is used when
setting standards for reliability in various applications (mathematics,
physics, measurement, medicine, statistics, etc.). In particular, it is an
essential confirmation condition for accurate measurement and selection in the
sensor field. At this time, dB and % can be understood in terms of mathematical
principles, but they can be difficult to compare in practice, so they are
compared and explained.
dB and % are comparison methods.
dB is an amplitude value expressing log (ratio of change
rate), and % is a method of expressing the size of a linear (arithmetic) value. If % has changed by 50%,
this is self-explanatory and easy to understand. But what does it mean that dB
'changed by 3dB'?............
What is Frequency? The number of cycles per second, that
is, the number of repetitions per second, is used as a unit called ‘# Hertz (Hz)’. On the other hand, there
is ‘#Octave’ as a filter that goes well with human
listening ability, and this #filter is used to estimate the speed of sound that
can be roughly distinguished by human ears. Therefore, if the horizontal axis
is the octave-filtered Hz and the vertical axis is expressed as sound pressure
or amplitudes, it is called a #frequency analysis graph (#spectrum analysis graph) because it can indicate
which frequency of this wave is how large the amplitude is.
There is a limit to the frequency band that humans can
hear, and even within that range, the sensitivity of listening differs
depending on how many Hz the sound or vibration heard is. In other words, even
if sound
or #vibration of the same size (#sound pressure, #amplitude), according to the
frequency (#low frequency? or #high frequency?), humans say 'the size is
different'.
Phone curves - Equal loudness contours
Compared to animals with large ears, such as elephants,
humans tend to be less able to hear in the low-frequency range. However, it can
be
sensitively noticed, especially around 3,900 Hz. The reason is that they
saw the advantage of the resonance effect ............
No matter how much people try to deny and avoid it, they
cannot avoid the #wave that is transmitted through any form. A person hears
because the eardrum vibrates, and sees the reflected form with the eyes because
of the transmission by the wave of light. Breathing involves repetitive
movements of the lungs, and walking is achieved by cyclic oscillating movements
of the arms and legs. In addition, it speaks through the movement of the larynx
and tongue, and it is possible to know that there is a call through sound or
vibration. Early scholars in the field of vibration focused their efforts on
the development of mathematical theories to understand natural phenomena, and
were applied to the design of machines, structures, engines, and control
systems in an engineering way, and focused on the design of motion, and safety,
productivity, and asset management in the field. In order to efficiently
proceed with vibration, vibration continues to be researched on the health and
destruction of structures and machines, and human discomfort.
The
damage of vibration and the use of vibration
Rotating machines (engines, fans, pumps, motors, etc.)
generate #imbalance vibration due to poor design or current bad condition. The
imbalance may cause a second large vibration when rotating at high speed, and
the repetition of repeated motions leads to plastic deformation or fracture.
